MLA citation generator (9th edition)

1. 1Book: Brown, Peter C., et al. Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning. Belknap Press of Harvard UP, 2014.
2. 2Journal article: Roediger, Henry L., III, and Jeffrey D. Karpicke. "Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention." Psychological Science, vol. 17, no. 3, 2006, pp. 249–55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x.
3. 3Website: "How to Avoid Plagiarism." Example University Library, 5 Mar. 2024, library.example.edu/avoid-plagiarism.
4. 4In-text: (Brown et al. 45) and (Roediger and Karpicke 251).

Italicise the book title and the journal name; article and page titles go in quotation marks. The generator applies this formatting when you copy.

Write Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year. The title is italicised and in title case. For two authors, reverse only the first name and join with and; for three or more, give the first author followed by et al. Shorten University Press to UP. MLA 9 does not require the city of publication for modern books. Add an edition, such as 2nd ed., after the title when you used a later edition.

Write Author. "Title of Page." Title of Website, Publisher if different, Day Month Year, URL. Leave out https:// from the URL unless your instructor asks for it. When an organisation is both the author and the publisher, skip the author and start with the title, as in the example. If the page has no date, add an access date at the end, such as Accessed 1 Nov. 2026.

The article is the source and the journal is its container: Author. "Article Title." Journal Name, vol. #, no. #, Year, pp. #–#. Add a DOI when one exists, written as https://doi.org/. If you found the article in a database such as JSTOR, you can add the database as a second container in italics with its URL or DOI. Abbreviate volume, number and pages as vol., no. and pp.

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