put has 16 distinct synonyms spread across 7 of its 10 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation
“That song put me in awful good humor”
cause (someone) to undergo something
“He put her to the torture”
the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for put come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.