mother has 10 distinct synonyms spread across 3 of its 7 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its one recorded opposite is father.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)
“the mother of three children”
a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
a term of address for an elderly woman
a term of address for a mother superior
a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation
“necessity is the mother of invention”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for mother come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.