extension has 15 distinct synonyms spread across 8 of its 12 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its one recorded opposite is flexion.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
a mutually agreed delay in the date set for the completion of a job or payment of a debt
“they applied for an extension of the loan”
the spreading of something (a belief or practice) into new regions
an educational opportunity provided by colleges and universities to people who are not enrolled as regular students
act of stretching or straightening out a flexed limb
a string of characters beginning with a period and followed by one or more letters; the optional second part of a PC computer filename
“most applications provide extensions for the files they create”
the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to
“the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos”
amount or degree or range to which something extends
“the wire has an extension of 50 feet”
an additional telephone set that is connected to the same telephone line
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for extension come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.