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Syllable division and stress derived from spelling — this word is not in the pronouncing dictionary, so no phonetic transcription is shown rather than a guessed one.
rarefaction is a noun meaning "a decrease in the density of something". It carries one recorded sense.
a decrease in the density of something
“a sound wave causes periodic rarefactions in its medium”
Forms marked · are formed by the regular rule rather than recorded in the source data. English keeps a few hundred irregulars and the rest follow the pattern, so the rule is right far more often than not — but it is a rule, and the mark says so.
Definitions, synonyms and semantic relations for rarefaction come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Commonness is measured against a corpus of everyday English. Full sources and licences.