transformation has 3 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 5 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
a qualitative change
(mathematics) a function that changes the position or direction of the axes of a coordinate system
a rule describing the conversion of one syntactic structure into another related syntactic structure
(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
the act of changing in form or shape or appearance
“a photograph is a translation of a scene onto a two-dimensional surface”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for transformation come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.