topology has 4 distinct synonyms spread across 3 of its 4 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
topographic study of a given place (especially the history of the place as indicated by its topography)
“Greenland's topology has been shaped by the glaciers of the ice age”
the study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles and nerves and arteries etc.) in that region
the branch of pure mathematics that deals only with the properties of a figure X that hold for every figure into which X can be transformed with a one-to-one correspondence that is continuous in both directions
the configuration of a communication network
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for topology come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.