sprout has 7 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 4 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud
a newly grown bud (especially from a germinating seed)
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for sprout come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.