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shortage has 4 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 2 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required
“new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit”
an acute insufficiency
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for shortage come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.