rough has 22 distinct synonyms spread across 14 of its 18 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its one recorded opposite is smooth.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
ready and able to resort to force or violence
“pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance”
of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped
with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly')
“he was pushed roughly aside”
the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short
2 of the 18 recorded senses carry no synonym, antonym or related term, so they are not shown above. Every sense, with its definition and examples, is on the full entry for rough.
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for rough come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.