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retardation has 10 distinct synonyms spread across 4 of its 5 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
a decrease in rate of change
“the deceleration of the arms race”
the extent to which something is delayed or held back
lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for retardation come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.