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reason has 10 distinct synonyms spread across 6 of its 9 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
a rational motive for a belief or action
“the reason that war was declared”
an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
“the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly”
the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
“we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil”
the state of having good sense and sound judgment
“his rationality may have been impaired”
a justification for something existing or happening
“he had no cause to complain”
a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion
“there is reason to believe he is lying”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for reason come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.
think logically
“The children must learn to reason”