proliferation has no recorded synonym. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its 2 recorded opposites are nonproliferation, non-proliferation.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
growth by the rapid multiplication of parts
a rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number of deadly weapons)
“the proliferation of nuclear weapons”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for proliferation come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.