preserve has 11 distinct synonyms spread across 6 of its 9 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction
“We preserve these archeological findings”
keep undisturbed for personal or private use for hunting, shooting, or fishing
“preserve the forest and the lakes”
a domain that seems to be specially reserved for someone
“medicine is no longer a male preserve”
a reservation where animals are protected
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for preserve come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.
fruit preserved by cooking with sugar