posterior has 17 distinct synonyms spread across 3 of its 4 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its one recorded opposite is anterior.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for posterior come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.