penitent has 1 distinct synonym spread across 1 of its 2 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its one recorded opposite is impenitent.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
(Roman Catholic Church) a person who repents for wrongdoing (a Roman Catholic may be admitted to penance under the direction of a confessor)
feeling or expressing remorse for misdeeds
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for penitent come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.