WordNet records no synonym and no antonym for penal colony. It is the only member of its synset, which is common for technical, taxonomic and single-sense vocabulary — there is no other English word that means the same thing. The broader and narrower terms below are the useful relations in that case.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
a penal institution where prisoners are exiled (often located on an island from which escape is difficult or impossible)
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for penal colony come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.