observation has 5 distinct synonyms spread across 3 of its 5 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
the act of making and recording a measurement
the act of observing; taking a patient look
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for observation come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.
a remark expressing careful consideration
facts learned by observing
“he reported his observations to the mayor”
the act of noticing or paying attention
“he escaped the notice of the police”