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impromptu has 11 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 4 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
an extemporaneous speech or remark
“a witty impromptu must not sound premeditated”
a short musical passage that seems to have been made spontaneously without advance preparation
with little or no preparation or forethought
“his ad-lib comments showed poor judgment”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for impromptu come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.