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heavy has 40 distinct synonyms spread across 16 of its 30 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its one recorded opposite is light.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
of comparatively great physical weight or density
“a heavy load”
unusually great in degree or quantity or number
“heavy taxes”
of the military or industry; using (or being) the heaviest and most powerful armaments or weapons or equipment
“heavy artillery”
marked by great psychological weight; weighted down especially with sadness or troubles or weariness
“a heavy heart”
usually describes a large person who is fat but has a large frame to carry it
of great intensity or power or force
“a heavy blow”
(physics, chemistry) being or containing an isotope with greater than average atomic mass or weight
“heavy hydrogen”
permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter
“dense smoke”
given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors
“a hard drinker”
a serious (or tragic) role in a play
6 of the 30 recorded senses carry no synonym, antonym or related term, so they are not shown above. Every sense, with its definition and examples, is on the full entry for heavy.
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for heavy come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.