hardness has 14 distinct synonyms spread across 3 of its 5 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its one recorded opposite is softness.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale
a quality of water that contains dissolved mineral salts that prevent soap from lathering
“the costs of reducing hardness depend on the relative amounts of calcium and magnesium compounds that are present”
devoid of passion or feeling; hardheartedness
the quality of being difficult to do
“he assigned a series of problems of increasing hardness”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for hardness come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.