grasp has 17 distinct synonyms spread across 6 of its 6 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something
“he has a good grasp of accounting practices”
get the meaning of something
“Do you comprehend the meaning of this letter?”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for grasp come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.