dust has 8 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 7 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
remove the dust from
“dust the cabinets”
rub the dust over a surface so as to blur the outlines of a shape
“The artist dusted the charcoal drawing down to a faint image”
cover with a light dusting of a substance
“dust the bread with flour”
fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air
“the furniture was covered with dust”
free microscopic particles of solid material
“astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains measurable amounts of dust”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for dust come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.