decentralization has 2 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 2 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. Its one recorded opposite is centralization.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
the social process in which population and industry moves from urban centers to outlying districts
the spread of power away from the center to local branches or governments
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for decentralization come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.