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colony has 2 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 6 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government
“the American colony in Paris”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for colony come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.
a group of organisms of the same type living or growing together
one of the 13 British colonies that formed the original states of the United States
a place where a group of people with the same interest or occupation are concentrated
“a nudist colony”
a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country
(microbiology) a group of organisms grown from a single parent cell