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colony has 2 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 6 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government
“the American colony in Paris”
a group of organisms of the same type living or growing together
one of the 13 British colonies that formed the original states of the United States
a place where a group of people with the same interest or occupation are concentrated
“a nudist colony”
a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country
(microbiology) a group of organisms grown from a single parent cell
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for colony come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.