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burst has 16 distinct synonyms spread across 10 of its 12 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
force out or release suddenly and often violently something pent up
“break into tears”
burst outward, usually with noise
“The champagne bottle exploded”
move suddenly, energetically, or violently
“He burst out of the house into the cool night”
emerge suddenly
“The sun burst into view”
the act of exploding or bursting
“the explosion of the firecrackers awoke the children”
rapid simultaneous discharge of firearms
“our fusillade from the left flank caught them by surprise”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for burst come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.
a sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason)
“a burst of applause”