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ballast has 3 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 6 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airship
coarse gravel laid to form a bed for streets and railroads
an attribute that tends to give stability in character and morals; something that steadies the mind or feelings
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for ballast come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.
a resistor inserted into a circuit to compensate for changes (as those arising from temperature fluctuations)
an electrical device for starting and regulating fluorescent and discharge lamps