asceticism has 3 distinct synonyms spread across 2 of its 3 senses. Each sense below keeps its own list, because a synonym belongs to a meaning and not to a word: swapping one sense's substitute into another sense's sentence is how a thesaurus makes writing worse. WordNet records no antonym for it — antonymy is a relation between word forms rather than concepts, so it is deliberately sparse.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
the doctrine that through renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state
the trait of great self-denial (especially refraining from worldly pleasures)
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for asceticism come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.