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Your training heart-rate zones.
The target heart-rate calculator shows the beats-per-minute ranges you should aim for to train at different intensities. It first estimates your maximum heart rate from your age, then maps out warm-up, fat-burn, cardio and peak zones.
If you enter your resting heart rate, it uses the more personalised Karvonen (heart-rate reserve) method, which accounts for your cardiovascular fitness and gives more accurate zones than age alone.
Without a resting HR, zones use a simple percentage of maximum heart rate.
The percentage method takes a share of your maximum heart rate; Karvonen bases zones on your heart-rate reserve (max minus resting), personalising them to your fitness.
Not necessarily. Lower intensity uses a higher share of fat for fuel, but higher-intensity work burns more total calories, which matters more for fat loss.
Age formulas are only estimates. A supervised graded exercise test is the accurate way to find your true maximum heart rate.