WordNet records no synonym and no antonym for fine structure. It is the only member of its synset, which is common for technical, taxonomic and single-sense vocabulary — there is no other English word that means the same thing. The broader and narrower terms below are the useful relations in that case.
Counts are distinct word forms across every sense. A synonym that appears under three senses is counted once here and shown three times below, under each sense it belongs to.
the presence of groups of closely spaced spectrum lines observed in the atomic spectrum of certain elements
“the fine structure results from slightly different energy levels”
Synonyms, antonyms and the broader and narrower relations for fine structure come from Princeton University’s WordNet. Full sources and licences.